Operators in Java are symbols that perform specific operations on one or more operands (variables or values). They are used to manipulate and perform calculations on data. Java provides a wide range of operators categorized into different types, such as arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logical, bitwise, and more. In this blog, we will explore each category of operators with examples to understand their functionality.
Arithmetic operators are used to perform basic mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus.
int a = 10; int b = 5; int sum = a + b; // Addition int difference = a - b; // Subtraction int product = a * b; // Multiplication int quotient = a / b; // Division int remainder = a % b; // Modulus System.out.println("Sum: " + sum); System.out.println("Difference: " + difference); System.out.println("Product: " + product); System.out.println("Quotient: " + quotient); System.out.println("Remainder: " + remainder);
Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. They can also perform operations and assign the result back to the variable.
int a = 10; int b = 5; a += b; // Equivalent to a = a + b System.out.println("a: " + a); // Output: 15 a *= b; // Equivalent to a = a * b System.out.println("a: " + a); // Output: 75 a %= b; // Equivalent to a = a % b System.out.println("a: " + a); // Output: 0
Comparison operators are used to compare two values and evaluate the result as either true or false.
int a = 10; int b = 5; boolean isEqual = (a == b); // Equal to boolean isNotEqual = (a != b); // Not equal to boolean isGreater = (a > b); // Greater than boolean isLess = (a < b); // Less than boolean isGreaterOrEqual = (a >= b); // Greater than or equal to boolean isLessOrEqual = (a <= b); // Less than or equal to System.out.println("Is Equal: " + isEqual); System.out.println("Is Not Equal: " + isNotEqual); System.out.println("Is Greater: " + isGreater); System.out.println("Is Less: " + isLess); System.out.println("Is Greater or Equal: " + isGreaterOrEqual); System.out.println("Is Less or Equal: " + isLessOrEqual);
Logical operators are used to perform logical operations on boolean values. They combine multiple conditions and evaluate the overall result.
boolean condition1 = true; boolean condition2 = false; boolean result1 = condition1 && condition2; // Logical AND boolean result2 = condition1 || condition2; // Logical OR boolean result3 = !condition1; // Logical NOT System.out.println("Result 1: " + result1); System.out.println("Result 2: " + result2); System.out.println("Result 3: " + result3);
Bitwise operators are used to perform operations at the individual bit level of integers.
int a = 5; // 0101 in binary int b = 3; // 0011 in binary int bitwiseAnd = a & b; // Bitwise AND int bitwiseOr = a | b; // Bitwise OR int bitwiseXor = a ^ b; // Bitwise XOR int bitwiseNotA = ~a; // Bitwise NOT for a int leftShift = a << 1; // Left shift by 1 position int rightShift = a >> 1; // Right shift by 1 position System.out.println("Bitwise AND: " + bitwiseAnd); System.out.println("Bitwise OR: " + bitwiseOr); System.out.println("Bitwise XOR: " + bitwiseXor); System.out.println("Bitwise NOT for A: " + bitwiseNotA); System.out.println("Left Shift: " + leftShift); System.out.println("Right Shift: " + rightShift);
These are just a few examples of the operators available in Java. Understanding and utilizing operators is crucial for performing various operations and calculations in Java programming.