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When an interrupt occurs, the operating system's interrupt handler is invoked, which stops the execution of the current program and transfers control to a specific routine, called an interrupt service routine (ISR), to handle the event that caused the interrupt. Once the ISR has completed its task, control is returned to the program that was interrupted, allowing it to resume execution.
Interrupts are an important mechanism for allowing the operating system to multitask, as they allow the OS to quickly respond to events and perform necessary operations, such as input/output, without the need for the program to continuously poll for the occurrence of such events.