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Internal Fragmentation
Internal fragmentation occurs when a block of memory is allocated to a program, but the program only uses a portion of the memory block. The unused portion of the memory block is considered to be internal fragmentation. This type of fragmentation occurs within a single memory allocation, and it is caused by the fact that the memory allocation system allocates memory in fixed-size blocks, regardless of the actual size of the data being stored.
External Fragmentation
External fragmentation occurs when there are small, scattered blocks of unallocated memory between allocated blocks of memory. This type of fragmentation occurs between multiple memory allocations, and it is caused by the fact that the memory allocation system releases memory blocks when they are no longer needed, but does not always combine the released blocks into larger blocks.