Literals are fixed values that are directly specified in the source code. They are used to represent constant values that do not change during program execution.
Integer literals represent whole numbers and can be specified in different number systems, such as decimal, octal, hexadecimal, and binary.
int decimal = 42; // Decimal literal int octal = 052; // Octal literal (starts with 0) int hexadecimal = 0x2A; // Hexadecimal literal (starts with 0x) int binary = 0b101010; // Binary literal (starts with 0b)
Floating-point literals represent real numbers with fractional parts. They can be expressed in decimal or scientific notation.
float pi = 3.14159; // Decimal notation double scientific = 1.23e4; // Scientific notation (1.23 x 10^4)
Character literals represent single characters and are enclosed in single quotes (' ').
char letter = 'A'; // Character literal char newline = '\n'; // Special character literal (newline)
String literals represent sequences of characters and are enclosed in double quotes (" ").
std::string message = "Hello, World!"; // String literal
Boolean literals represent the truth values of logical expressions and can have two values: true or false.
bool isTrue = true; // Boolean literal (true) bool isFalse = false; // Boolean literal (false)
The null pointer literal represents a pointer that doesn't point to any memory location. It is represented by the value nullptr.
int* pointer = nullptr; // Null pointer literal
C++ allows you to define your own literals by overloading operators. User-defined literals can be used to create custom representations for specific types.
Literals in C++ are fixed values used to represent constants. They are available for different types, including integers, floating-point numbers, characters, strings, booleans, and pointers. Understanding the syntax and usage of literals is essential for writing concise and readable code.
In this tutorial, we explored the concept of literals in C++ programming. We covered various types of literals and provided examples to illustrate their usage. By understanding and utilizing literals effectively, you can enhance the clarity and expressiveness of your C++ code.
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